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Electromotive force (EMF) series

August 20, 2014 by Mariano Iannuzzi

This post presents a comprehensive electromotive force series, including reactions relevant to corrosion.

Download a PDF version HERE.

Link to LaTex Code.

Electrode Reaction Standard Potential, E0 (V vs. SHE)
\({O_3}(g) + 2{H^ + } + 2{e^ – } \to O_{2}(g) + {H_2}O\) 2.070
\({H_{2}O_{2}} +{2H^ {+}} + 2{e^ – } \to 2{H_2}O\) 1.776
\({Au^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {Au}\) 1.500
\({Cl_{2}(g) } + 2{e^ – } \to {2 Cl^{-}}\) 1.358
\({Pt^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Pt}\) 1.200
\({O_2} + 4{H^ + } + 4{e^ – } \to 2{H_2}O\) (pH=0) 1.229
\({Pd^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Pd}\) 0.987
\({H_{2}O_{2}} + 2{e^ – } \to {2 OH^{-}}\) 0.880
\({Hg^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Hg}\) 0.854
\({O_2} + 2{H_2}O + 4{e^ – } \to 4O{H^ – }\) (pH=7) (a) 0.820
\({Ag^ {+} } + {e^ – } \to {Ag}\) 0.800
\({Cu^ {+} } + {e^ – } \to {Cu}\) 0.521
\({O_2} + 2{H_2}O + 4{e^ – } \to 4O{H^ – }\) (pH=14) 0.401
\({Cu^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Cu}\) 0.337
\({2H^ {+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {H_2}\) 0.000
\({Fe^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {Fe}\) –0.036
\({Pb^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Pb}\) –0.126
\({Sn^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Sn}\) –0.136
\({Ni^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Ni}\) –0.250
\({Co^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Co}\) –0.277
\({In^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {In}\) –0.342
\({Cd^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Cd}\) –0.403
\(2{H_2}O + 2{e^ – } \to {H_2}(g) + 2O{H^ – }\) (pH=7) (a) –0.413
\({Fe^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Fe}\) –0.440
\({Ga^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {Ga}\) –0.530
\({Cr^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {Cr}\) –0.740
\({Zn^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Zn}\) –0.763
\(2{H_2}O + 2{e^ – } \to {H_2}(g) + 2O{H^ – }\) (pH=14) –0.828
\({Mn^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Mn}\) –1.180
\({Ti^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {Ti}\) –1.370
\({Zr^ {4+} } + 4{e^ – } \to {Zr}\) –1.530
\({Ti^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Ti}\) –1.630
\({Al^ {3+} } + 3{e^ – } \to {Al}\) –1.660
\({Mg^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Mg}\) –2.370
\({Na^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Na}\) –2.710
\({Ca^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Ca}\) –2.870
\({K^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {K}\) –2.930
\({Li^ {2+} } + 2{e^ – } \to {Li}\) –3.050

(a) Not a standard state; added as reference.

Updates

2019-08-23: added Titanium to the EMF Series

References

  1. R. W. Revie, H. H. Uhlig, “Corrosion and corrosion control: an introduction to corrosion science and engineering”, Chapter 3, (2008): p.31. Buy book at Amazon or Kindle Edition.
  2. P. R. Roberge, “Corrosion Engineering: Principles and Practice”, Chapter 4, Table 4.1,  McGraw-Hill Professional (2008). Buy book at Amazon or Kindle Edition.
  3. D. A. Jones, “Principles and Prevention of Corrosion”, Chapter 2, Table 2.1, Prentice Hall, 2 ed.(1995): p.44. Buy book at Amazon.

Filed Under: Fundamentals, Library, Tables Tagged With: electrochemistry, electromotive-force-series, emf, equations

Professor | Director Curtin Corrosion Centre
Chevron & Woodside Chair in Corrosion | Curtin University
Adjunct Professor
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

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